The points above 0 on the chart indicate positive declines. In china, where air pollution has become a major threat to public health, public awareness of the detrimental effects of air pollution on respiratory health is increasingparticularly in relation to haze days. Air quality and health whoeurope world health organization. Heart disease, stroke, and outdoor air pollution, epa456f. Children can also be exposed to air pollution inside homes, schools, and other buildings. The leading risk factor in ghana is household air pollution from solid fuels. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases were linked to air pollution. This book examines in detail the clinical implications of those diseases that.
To reduce that burden an integrated approach is required, combining health promotion, disease prevention and patient treatment. I classification of waterrelated disease r stanwellsmith encyclopedia of life support systems eolss or on food poisoning. Particle pollution levels can be high any time of year. Many communicable and noncommunicable human diseases are related to water, soilgeochemistry. The state of global air is a collaboration between the. In children, air pollution is linked to asthma and. To raise global awareness of the great and growing magnitude of the problem of pollution and end neglect of pollution related disease. As a class, discuss the need for water pollution prevention, at school and in the community. Sometimes, when pregnant women are exposed to chemicals or drink a lot. Exposure to particle pollution is a public health hazard when inhaled, particle pollution can travel deep into the lungs and cause or aggravate heart and lung diseases exposure to particle pollution causes increases in. The prerequisite for success in this fight is the participation of all health care professionals. The core concept was clearly articulated in order to guide the scope and breadth of the inquiry. The 2012 worlds worst pollution problems report sets out to quantify the human health impacts from major sources of hazardous pollution in low to middleincome countries. Asia and western pacific regions had the largest air pollutionrelated burden in 2012, with a total of 3.
Pdf files for printing pdf file size approximate download time over a 56k modem. Technical guidance on water related disease surveillance page i preface the importance of the impact of water related diseases on human health has been recognized as a major threat to sustainable human development in some international forums, including the millennium development goals, the world summit on sustainable development johannesburg. However, some groups of people are especially sensitive to common air pollutants such as particulates and groundlevel ozone. In particular the focus is on sites in the developing world where toxic pollution has occurred because of industrial activity. For the first time this years report and website estimate the effect of air pollution on how long people live, or life expectancy. Near busy roads, in urban areas especially during rush hour, and in industrial areas. Based on the estimates made by the authors of this report, inaction would lead to an increase in the costs of treating air pollution induced diseases in children of 33% between 2017 and 2025, costing health providers. Also, the report, for the first time estimates the total global burden of disease attributed to. In this study, we examine the health and economic impacts from pm2.
Who 7 million premature deaths annually linked to air. Air pollution increases prevalence of hypertension. Apr 06, 2012 air pollution respiratory and lung diseases including o asthma attacks o chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd o reduced lung function o pulmonary cancer caused by a series of carcinogen chemicals that through inhalation o mesothelioma a particular type of lung cancer, usually associated with exposure to asbestos it usually. The implications of linking exposure to air pollution such as no 2 to the development of dementia, specifically alzheimers disease, raise many questions.
Pollution the worlds largest environmental cause of disease. Exposure to outdoor air pollution and its human health. The country, which has three climatic zones, each with their own biodiversity, is ravaged by war. Waterborne diseases are caused by drinking water or eating food washed in water containing protozoa that can cause infections like toxoplasmosis or giardiasis, containing viruses like polio or hepatitis a, water with bacteria like li, cholera or typhoid fever or water with parasites like hookworm and ringworm. Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of. Assessing health risks at hazardous waste sites report reveals that close to 125 million people are at risk from toxic pollution across 49 low to middleincome countries. Who 7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution. Air pollution is a major environmental issue affecting respiratory health globally. The impacts of beach pollution for more information, please.
Agents, diseases and types of exposures are well documented, but the relationship between them is. This chapter cannot follow the detailed format for the eco. Impact of air pollution on the burden of chronic respiratory. The environmental challenges facing sudan a country in east africa with an area of 1. Introduction ithe classification of waterrelated disease poses particular problems. Explanatory text and data sources pdf, 119kb for further details regarding methods and data sources. Moreover, industry, traffic, and household biomass combustion have become. Air pollution respiratory and lung diseases including o asthma attacks o chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd o reduced lung function o pulmonary cancer caused by a series of carcinogen chemicals that through inhalation o mesothelioma a particular type of lung cancer, usually associated with exposure to asbestos it usually. Doctor and emergency room visits hospital admissions. State of global air2019 a special report on global exposure to air pollution and its disease burden the state of global air is a collaboration between the health effects institute and the institute for health metrics and evaluations global burden of disease project.
Exposure to air pollution is linked to mortality and shortening of life expectancy. Cleaning up the air we breathe prevents noncommunicable diseases as well as reduces disease risks among women and vulnerable. Clinical handbook of air pollutionrelated diseases fabio capello. Land or soil pollution diseases are those diseases caused by pollutants from the landdirtsoil. Air pollution and its effects on health case studies, india. Fact sheet air pollution from vehicles in california.
Previous economic impact assessments of air pollution focused on benefits from environmental regulations while ignoring climate policies. Delaware has the sixth worst infant mortality rate in the nation. Infections and infectious diseases are a great burden on many societies, including the countries in the who european region. Furthermore, there are limited assessments of related costs and benefits. Environmental diseases are a direct result from the environment. Air pollution is a mix of particles and gases that can reach harmful concentrations both outside and indoors. In the absence of more stringent policies, or disruptive technological changes, increasing. Sep 11, 2018 the implications of linking exposure to air pollution such as no 2 to the development of dementia, specifically alzheimers disease, raise many questions. Soil pollution diseases environmental pollution centers. Environmental pollution has many facets, and the resultant health risks include diseases in almost all organ systems. A programme of activities would encourage research and analyses, and enhance access to evidence, in general as. A significant body of research has shown that longterm exposure to fine particulate matter, known as pm 2. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the bodys respiratory system and the cardiovascular system.
Pp6aware that both short and longterm exposure to air pollution has a negative impact on public health, with a much greater impact resulting from term exposure and exposure at high longlevels, causing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases, including. This post shall be focusing on 10 of such diseases caused by the air pollution and what pollutants cause them. Children, the elderly and persons with asthma are impacted the most by air pollution. Environment and health process, as reflected in the outcome documents of the. This executive summary is excerpted from hei special report 17, trafficrelated air pollution.
We are providing correct, sufficient and quality information in one pool. The most comprehensive air pollution estimates available from both satellite and indian groundlevel measurements of fine particulate matter pm 2. A significant body of research has shown that longterm exposure to fine particulate matter, known as. Controlled exposure studies investigate the toxic effect of pollutants on animals and cells in the lab. Particulate air pollution has also been associated with respiratoryrelated infant mortality, even at relatively low pm levels that. This includes diseases caused by substance abuse, exposure to toxic chemicals, and physical factors in the environment, like uv radiation from the sun, as well as genetic predisposition.
Heart disease, stroke, and outdoor air pollution, epa456. Jul 14, 2012 toxic substances associated with chronic diseases. Based on the estimates made by the authors of this report, inaction would lead to an increase in the costs of treating air pollutioninduced diseases in children of 33% between 2017 and 2025, costing health providers. This is one of the most common diseases that can affect the humans.
Pdf air pollution as a significant cause of diseases and. Burden of disease attributable to major air pollutionsources. An introduction to air pollution definitions, classifications, and history. These factors are also the focus of this paper because they take a disproportionate toll on the health of lowincome people in the developing world and the enhancement of their health status will require important gains. Some studies have suggested that traffic related pollutants may contribute to the development of allergic disease, either by affecting the immune response directly or by increasing the concentration or biological activity of the allergens themselves. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Towards reducing the burden of global environmental related. Its effects can range from higher disease risks to rising temperatures. Environment pollution is a widereaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human populations is great.
Economic development and pollution the health consequences of pollution in developing countries are difficult to isolate because income growth often occurs simultaneous to increases in pollution and indeed may be a function of pollution, making it difficult to isolate the causal effect of pollution. Particulate air pollution has also been associated with respiratory related infant mortality, even at relatively low pm levels that are commonly experienced in the united states. Jul 11, 2017 this post shall be focusing on 10 of such diseases caused by the air pollution and what pollutants cause them. Air pollution can increase the risk of having a respiratory infection. Air pollution is linked directly with diseases that kill. The major causes of water pollution include sewage and other oxygendemanding wastes, urbanization, agrochemical wastes, thermal pollution, industrial wastes, nutrient enrichment, acid rain. Clean air, healthy children teachers guide and activities for. Sensitive populations include children, older adults, people who are active outdoors, and people with heart or lung diseases, such as asthma.
Thus, a chapter on air and water pollution control links with chapters on, for instance, diarrheal diseases chapter 19, respiratory diseases in children and adults chapters 25 and 35, cancers. Air pollution and heart disease research air pollution is known to cause a variety of health problems, including effects on the heart, nervous, and vascular system. Published by the arab school for science and technology asst. When there is smoke in the air from wood stoves, fireplaces, burning vegetation, or forest fires. Burden of disease attributable to major air pollution sources in india the air pollution challenge india has some of the highest levels of outdoor air pollution in the world. Health effects of air pollution deohs home university of. Ambient air pollution in urban areas and indoor air pollution are associated with. Air pollution is considered an emerging risk, and its dynamics depend on a broad range of factors. Children at risk children are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution for several reasons related to their physical development and behavior. Clinical handbook of air pollutionrelated diseases springerlink. The exposure to environmental pollution caused by soil contaminants may result in an increased risk for developing a series of conditions. Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollutionrelated diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, copd, stroke and lung cancer.
Air pollution, facts and information national geographic. A pollutant may be defined as a physical, chemical or biological substance released into the environment which is directly or indirectly harmful to humans and other living organisms they are. Left untreated, some health complications related to air pollution. Worldwide, air pollution reduced life expectancy by an average of 20 months in.
A who global comparative analysis of air pollution17 concluded that ambient air pollution increased by 8% between 2008 and 20. As a global reinsurer with significant exposure to. Allcause mortality rate this chart shows the change in mortality rate at every age range. Materials topic sheets pages 5 9 poster paper or dry erase board 1 per group. Clean air, healthy children teachers guide and activities. Air pollutant emission levels in china remain substantially higher than are those in developed countries. Air pollution from coal is considered a direct cause of several noncommunicable diseases ncds which in 2015 caused 1. Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the socalled greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic. This paper provides the insight view about the affects of environment pollution in the perspective of air pollution, water and land soil waste pollution on human by diseases and problems, animals and trees plants. Diseases caused by pollution lead to the chronic illness and deaths of about 8. This book introduces the concept of air pollutionrelated diseases as a new.
994 622 1234 1284 17 1438 1133 745 207 1656 664 750 1173 392 647 117 545 448 1494 1509 708 885 1365 1106 1128 420 736 978 184 855 447 451 1417 47 1313 757 1341 1305 1375 150 185 926